Class 8 Rajasthan studies 4. Population

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION

Class 8 Rajasthan studies 4. Population: Every state aims to progress continuously in all aspects of life and governance.
Several factors play vital roles in the progress of a state- one of these is the population that resides in it.
It is the people, who, according to their physical and mental ability, create many resources for themselves from things available in nature. This makes the state progress.
Thus, population is the most important resource of any region and its study is necessary for us in its various aspects.
The Census directorate, Jaipur, under the guidance of the Government of India, compiles, stores, counts, and publishes information related to various aspects of the population residing in the state, every 10 years.
Census operations were started in India in 1872.
According to the 2011 census, the total population of Rajasthan is about 6.85 crore, which is about 5.7 percent of India’s total population.(Class 8 Rajasthan studies 4. Population)

POPULATION GROWTH RATE: Class 8 Rajasthan studies 4. Population

The change occurring in the population of a certain region, in a certain period of time is called population change. Population change can both be an increase or decrease in the population. Population change is positive if it is more than what it was in the previous year or decade, and negative if it is less than what it was the previous year or decade.
Rajasthan’s population growth rate was 21.31 percent in 2011. Barmer district had the highest population growth rate at 32.5 percent, while Sri Ganganagar district had the lowest population growth rate at 10.0 percent(Class 8 Rajasthan studies 4. Population)

POPULATION DENSITY

Population density is a measure that shows the relation between the population of a region, and its area. (Class 8 Rajasthan studies 4. Population)
Thus, the population density of a region is the number of people living in its per square kilometer area.
The population density of Rajasthan is 200 people per square kilometer area. (Class 8 Rajasthan studies 4. Population)
Jaipur district has the highest population density at 595 people per sq. km area, while Jaisalmer has the lowest population density at only 17 people per sq. km. area. (Class 8 Rajasthan studies 4. Population)
Population distribution is uneven in Rajasthan. It is less in Western Rajasthan and more in North-Eastern Rajasthan.
About 10 percent of the state’s total population lives only in Jaipur district and less than 1 percent of the state’s total population lives in Jaisalmer district.(Class 8 Rajasthan studies 4. Population)
In about 61 percent land area of Rajasthan in its Western desert region, about 40 percent of the state’s population resides. Here, the population density is the lowest at 130 persons per sq. km. (Class 8 Rajasthan studies 4. Population)
Jaipur, Alwar, Bharatpur, Dholpur, Tonk, Sawai Madhopur, Karauli, Bhilwara, etc. are situated in the eastern plains of the state, in which about 33 percent of the state’s total population lives in only 20 percent of the state’s land area. Here, the population density is the highest in the state at 332 persons per sq. km.
Medium population density in Rajasthan is found in the hilly areas of the Aravallis and South-eastern plateau region.
The population is smaller in Western Rajasthan due to harsh geographical conditions and lack of basic facilities. However, the Thar Desert is the most densely populated desert in the world.
The plains are conducive to agriculture with even and fertile land, availability of water, proximity to the country’s capital Delhi, industries, and good infrastructural facilities like transportation, etc.(Class 8 Rajasthan studies 4. Population)

GENDER RATIO

The number of women/females per 1000 men/males is called the Gender Ratio
According to the 2011 census, the gender ratio in Rajasthan is 928, while in children below 6 years, the gender ratio is only 888, which is very low. (Class 8 Rajasthan studies 4. Population)
The highest gender ratio is in Rajasthan’s Dungarpur district (994 females per 1000 while the lowest gender ratio is in Dholpur district (846 females per 1000 males).

LITERACY

Literacy is calculated on the basis of the people who have the ability to read and write, among the population of a region or state.
The literacy rate reflects the socioeconomic condition of a region and is thus an important indicator of the quality of a region’s population.
The literacy rate is vital census data. The literacy rate in Rajasthan is 66.11 percent according to the 2011 census.(Class 8 Rajasthan studies 4. Population)
Kota district has the highest literacy rate in Rajasthan at 76.6 percent, while Jalore has the lowest literacy rate at only 54.9 percent.
Male literacy rate in Rajasthan is 79.19 percent, while female literacy rate is 52.12 percent.
Male and female literacy rates are the highest in Jhunjhunu and Kota respectively, while these are the lowest in Pratapgarh and Jalore respectively.(Class 8 Rajasthan studies 4. Population)

RURAL AND URBAN POPULATIONS

Most of the population in Rajasthan lives in rural areas. The urban population is about 25 percent of the state’s total population, that lives in small and big towns and cities.(Class 8 Rajasthan studies 4. Population)
The highest urban population is in Kota district, while the lowest urban population lives in Dungarpur district.
The urban population is increasing continuously in Rajasthan.

SCHEDULED TRIBES

Many tribes live in Rajasthan, and these tribes mostly inhabit villages situated in the hills, plateaus, and forests of the state. (Class 8 Rajasthan studies 4. Population)
Most tribes survive through agriculture, physical labor, and collecting forest produce.
According to the 2011 census, about 13.5 percent of the state’s population is constituted by scheduled tribes.
In Rajasthan, the tribal population is mostly concentrated in the districts of Sirohi, Udaipur, Dungarpur, Pratapgarh, and Banswara.
The tribal population also has a sizeable presence in Baran, Sawai Madhopur, Karauli, Tonk, Dausa, and Jaipur districts.

MAJOR TRIBES AND DISTRICTS OF HABITATION

The major tribes of Rajasthan are – Bhil, Meena, Damor, Sansi, Garasia and Saharia.
The Meena tribe has the highest population in Rajasthan. It resides mainly in Jaipur, Dausa, Sawai Madhopur, Karauli, Alwar, Udaipur, Kota, Bundi, etc. districts.
The Bhils are an ancient tribe of Rajasthan, that live mainly in Banswara, Pratapgarh, Sirohi, etc. districts. (Class 8 Rajasthan studies 4. Population)
The Damor tribe primarily lives in the Simalwara area of Dungarpur.
Garasia tribe mainly resides in Abu Road and Pindwara tehsils of Sirohi district. They also live along the borders of Dungarpur, Udaipur, and Pali.
The Sansi tribe lives in Bharatpur.
The Saharia is the only tribe of Rajasthan that is listed as an aboriginal tribe by the government of India. The Saharias live mainly in Shahbad and Kishanganj tehsils of Baran district.(Class 8 Rajasthan studies 4. Population)

Glossary

Class 8 Rajasthan studies 4. Population: Census-Counting of the population and collecting information about the gender, age literacy level, religion, and language of people every 10 years, conducted by the Union government.

Aboriginal – Very ancient in origin, native to a region (of people).

Exercise

l. Choose the correct option:

1. In which district of Rajasthan is the gender ratio the lowest?

(a) Kota (b) Dholpur (c) Jodhpur (d) Alwar

Ans: (b) Dholpur

2. Which geographical region of Rajasthan has the lowest population density?

(a) Eastern Plains (b) Desert region (c) Hadoti Plateau (d) Aravalli Hills

Ans: (b) Desert region

3. According to the 2011 census, the total population of Rajasthan is-

(a) 8.40 crore (b) 5.70 crore (c) 7.85 core (d) 6.85 crore

Ans: (d) 6.85 crore

4. Which district in Rajasthan has the lowest population growth rate?

(a) Sri ganganagar (b) Barmer (c) Kota (d) Baran

Ans: (a) Sri ganganagar

5. Which district in Rajasthan has the highest literacy rate?

(a) Sri Ganganagar (b) Jhunjunu (c) kota (d) Baran

Ans: (c) Kota

6. The percentage of the rural population in Rajasthan is-

(a) 60% (b)70% (c)75% (d) 50%

Ans: (c) 75%

7. Which tribe has the highest population in Rajasthan?

(a) Bhil (b) Meena (c) Garasia (d) Saharia

Ans: (b) Meena

8. Which is the only aboriginal tribe of Rajasthan?

(a) Garasia (b) Bhil (c) Saharia (d) Damor

Ans: (c) Saharia

II. Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. Name the districts having the lowest literacy rates in Rajasthan.

Ans: In Rajasthan, Kota is the highest with 76.6 percent and Jalore is the district with the lowest literacy with 54.9 percent.

2. Which district has the highest urban population in Rajasthan?:

Ans: Kota district has the highest urban population in Rajasthan.

III Short Answer Type Questions

1. Explain the regional distribution of population in Rajasthan.

Ans: The distribution of population in Rajasthan is uneven as

(1)The population is more in western Rajasthan and less in north-eastern Rajasthan.

(2)10 % of the total population of the state lives in the Jaipur district whereas 1 % of the state’s population lives in the Jaisalmer district.

(3)About 40 % of people are living in 61 % area of the. In the western desert region of the state, the least density i.e. 130 persons per sq. km.

(4)About 33 % population of the state is found in only 20 % area of the eastern plain. This plain region has the highest density of population i.e. 332 persons per sq. km.

2. Write a comment on the tribes of Rajasthan.

Ans: Tribes of Rajasthan:

1. Habitat: In Rajasthan, most of the tribes live in villages, mountains, plateaus, and forests. The tribal population in Rajasthan is in abundance in Sirohi, Udaipur, Dungarpur, Pratapgarh, and Banswara districts. Apart from this, tribes also predominantly reside in the Baran, Sawai Madhopur, Karauli, Tonk, Dausa, and Jaipur districts.

2. Population: According to Census 2011, about 13.5% of the population of Rajasthan state is of tribes.

3. Profession: Their means of livelihood are farming, manual labor, and collection of forest produce.

4. Major tribes: The main tribes of the state are Meena, Bheel, Damor, Sansi, Garasiya, and Saharia. The Meena tribe has the maximum population. Bheel is the most primitive tribe in Rajasthan. The Damor tribe is predominantly in the Dungarpur district, Garasiya predominantly in the Sirohi and Udaipur districts, Sansi is highest in the Bharatpur district, and Saharia in the Baran district.

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